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Scottish Interfaith Week

30/11/2015

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 We've just come to the end of Interfaith Week and it has been a busy one.  Over the years the week has grown and last week there were 60 events that we know of happening throughout Scotland.  There will have been more than this as many people put on events but didn't register them with Interfaith Scotland. I was at 8 of them so spent the week going from coffee with Jewish and Christian clergy  to a concert and lunch at the Hindu Mandir, a walk round the Kibble Palace in Glasgow Botanic Gardens with Women of Faith, a scriptural reasoning event with Christians, Muslims, Jews and Buddhists, an interfaith meditation for peace followed by soup and bread at the Buddhist Centre near me.  It was great and there was a real buzz about the week. This year many faith communities opened their doors to welcome people to their place of worship and there was a sense of greater involvement from faith communities this year with people owning the week and not leaving it to the interfaith professionals, so to speak.  

I ended the week with a dialogue between people of religious and non-religious beliefs. This kind of dialogue has become an annual event hosted by the Conforti institute and it's unique in Britain, though many people who describe themselves as being non-religious do come to inerfaith events.  Often, because of some public figures, it looks as though those who describe themselves as humanist or secularist are always at loggerheads with religion but it's not always the case and dialogue which is open to everyone often proves this. It's possible for humanists as well as religious people to understand and respect beliefs different from their own and it's probably a sign of insecurity when some people want to do away with religion. 

The theme of the dialogue and indeed the whole week was Care for the Environment. Originally it was Care for Creation but this made some Buddhists a bit uneasy as it suggested a Creator God that they couldn't ascribe to though this in itself could have been a good topic for dialogue to determine exactly what theists mean by a Creator God. Caring for the Environment was a good topic as the week ended with the Climate Change conference  in Paris.  It was an opportunity to reflect on the evils of climate change, the critical situation that our world is in and the need to cut down on carbon emissions.  While recognising the need for govenments and business to change their policies, we talked a lot about what we could do as individuals to make ourselves aware of our connection with the world and the damage that we do through our own personal consumerism and greed. We recognised how easy it is to blame others and how important it is to change our mentality towards the world in which we live. 

 One way of doing this is recognising our interconnectedness with all sentient beings. This is very central to Buddhism but others, such as Pope Francis in his recent encyclical, are encouraging us to become aware of how much we are part of nature and that to damage nature is in fact to do damage to ourselves. Eastern religions teach us that nature is sacred and should be honoured and cared for. Pagans also believe that everything that lives contains a small spark fo the divine which gives them a strong reverence for life so that they see environmentalism as a sacred duty - something that we all now need to take on board. Abrahamic religions tend to stress human beings as guardians and stewards of creation, that human beings have a responsibility to care for the earth, to cultivate and take care of it. Unfortunately this has often been understood as using the earth and its resources for our own purposes and we now know how much we have abused it in doing this. Perhaps this week of interfaith dialogue will help us learn from one another - help us recognise the sacredness of life, our interconnectedness with the whole of nature and that our way of caring for this world will lead us all to see environmentalism as a  sacred duty. Would this not be a sign of hope for our world.

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The Lady in the Van

22/11/2015

 
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 I went to see the Lady in the Van this week. It wasn't at all what I expected. I had seen excerpts on television  and thought of it as a comedy, something to lighten the load and enjoy a good laugh. It has funny moments but in fact it's a very moving film which has left a lasting impression on me. It says a lot about an unfulfilled life and the tragedy of being driven by fear and guilt. 


Mary Shepherd is running away from an accident which an opportunistic and immoral policeman persuades her is her fault and blackmails her for years. She can't forgive herself and constantly seeks forgiveness and consolation in the confessional box but is oppressed by dreams of the accident and the regular appearance of the policeman who seems to find her no matter where she is. Where she is and where she was for fifteen years was in Allan Bennet's drive, in a van, overflowing with all her belonging, many of them religious artefacts.  Her hygiene left much to be desired but Allan Bennet put up with this, with seeming resignation, accepting her presence, sometimes cleaning up after her and  stopping her from being moved from one place to another.  
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This is a true story and it's remarkable how Allan Bennet cared for her.  He has said that he didn't really like her, she just happened and he let her stay. I don' t think he sees this as particularly self-sacrificing but it was an intensely human thing to do and while Allan Bennet would say he is not religious he expressed for me what religion is about or should be about. Sometimes I hear religious people beat themselves up because they think they should be better than others, that being Christian, for example, means loving or caring or serving in a way that's beyond what anyone would do - I'm not inconveniencing myself enough, I'm not Christian enough in that I'm not self-sacrificing enough. What a burden to bear. I'm not sure I'm in to that kind of self-sacrifice, the kind  that comes from living up to an ideal of how we think we ought to live. But I am in to the self-sacrifice that comes from love and there's plenty of that around. Everything has a cost and  loving relationships express themselves in many ways.  Just think of parents looking after their children, especially those with disabilities, children looking after ageing parents, friends supporting and going out of their way to help one another, people doing voluntary work, engaging in all sort of justice and peace projects, visiting prisons, opening their homes to  

​refugees etc etc. But any one of us can only do what we can do - try to be loving, accommodating, supporting wherever life places us and whatever it throws at us. It's a wonderful thing to be fully human, to enter into the joys and sorrows of life with love and compassion and a glorious thing to be ordinary.  For me religion is about making us more human, celebrating that humanity and certainly not sacrificing it for some higher ideal. I'm not expecting to be better than others because I'm a Christian. I'm hoping that my Christian faith and practice helps me in the struggle to be fully human, to be in a good relationship with myself, God, others and the world in which we all live. And sometimes those relationships will demand sacrifice but one that flows naturally from that interconnectedness and care for others. 

Mary Shepherd suffered from the ideal of self-sacrifice. In her former life she had been a gifted and celebrated pianist, even playing at the Proms. But she had entered a convent and was asked to sacrifice her piano playing for the sake of God and prayer.  A difficult scene for me was when as a young novice she was playing the piano and a senior nun comes along and slams down the lid. No room for developing one's talents here, only self-sacrificial prayer. This was definitely an ideal of the past - deny yourself for the sake of some supposed higher good, fight against selfcentredness. Conform to a way of life that was supposed to be liberating and self -fulfilling but often had no understanding of God given talents or giftedness. Nowadays we have come to our senses and realise how important it is to develop our talents and gifts  and how personal and human development is at the heart of true spirituality. Mary left the convent but she had internalised those ideals and in her flight from fear of being apprehended for an accident that wasn't her fault opted out of ordinary living. She couldn't even bear to hear music because it was obviously too painful. A wasted life? No life is wasted but certainly an unfulfilled one, one that seemingly was oppressed by a religious ideal. She lives on, however, immortalised in Allan Bennet's play, with a message for many of us.  After all St Iraneus did say that the Glory of God was man (and woman too of course) fully alive.  Not to live as humanly and fully as possible is perhaps the greatest heresy of all. 

Scapegoating others

15/11/2015

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 This morning something very precious happened here in the West End of Glasgow. It happened  at the end of the Sunday Eucharist at St Mary's Episcopal Church just across from where stay in Glasgow. Five Muslims from both the Shia and Sunni traditions, as well as myself as a Catholic and someone from the Church of Scotland, were welcomed by the congregation. The purpose was to extend a hand of friendship and stand in solidarity with the Muslim community after the atrocities in Paris on Friday.  We also prayed for those in Beirut who had lost their lives as the result of a suicide bomber on Thursday. I felt a bit ashamed because with all the publicity about Paris I had missed out on Beirut. It was also quite difficult to find information on the BBC website afterwards. Everything was about Paris. The Paris bombings are scary because it  brings this kind of terrorism close to home. It causes more anxiety than similar atrocities throughout the world because it's more difficult to ignore but some parts of the world are living with this day in and out.

The fear of course is that Muslims are made scapegoats even though thousands of Muslims have been killed by so called Islamic State in the conflicts that are raging in the Middle East, to say nothing of parts of Africa.  What is it that makes us so violent and perpetrate this is the name of religion? We all have the propensity for violence within us. if one human being can carry out murder then we all can. And if one human being can work for peace and achieve heroism then we all can.  We are a small and beautiful planet in the midst of a gigantic universe and we are making such a mess of it.  


It so happened that a theologian who has looked these issues straight in the face died earlier this month.  Rene Girard believed that there was a connection between violence and the sacred.‘His work has  been described as" a call, and a warning, to take seriously the dangerous proximity of religion and violence" He believes that human beings, as part of their evolutionary programming, "have a ‘fatal attraction’ to competition and rivalry, which, if unchecked, will lead to violence". I've often suspected this and thought that the belief found in all faiths that somehow they are superior to others, that they have the truth and offer a quicker way to enlightenment or salvation contains the seeds of competition  and violence.  Of cours exactly the same could be said about secular philosophies.

At the centre of Girard's thought is the idea of scapegoat - the victim who's marginalised, even killed so that the community can survive. The scapegoat is someone to blame. Scapegoating people or groups  lets us off the hook, gives us a security which stops us looking at our own violence. It's the result of insecurity and fear, of refusing to take responsibility for our actions and looking to blame others.  And we see it everywhere - ISIS scapegoats  the west  and many scapegoat Muslims. It creates a climate of fear - something we can see for ourselves on our television screens. And the response?  An increase in violence. Already the French Government have bombed an  ISIS stronghold. So it becomes a vicious circle with mindless violence and governments at a loss how to deal with it. As Tolstoy says "
Men are so accustomed to maintaining external order by violence that they cannot conceive of life being possible without violence"

Religions do have the resources for peace-making - the way of love and compassion. Today the Pope said that love of neighbor is the only "victorious power" in the world. After 9/11 Tich Nhat Hanh reflected on the need for deep listening, to try to understand the suffering that  leads to violence; the need to cool the heat of anger and hatred within ourselves so that we don't respond too quickly. it's so important for religious people to offer the world an alternative to hate and violence; to show the possibility of the non-violent transformative power of religious practice; to show that unity exists between religious communities.  

Thanks to St Mary's Cathedral who gave us the opportunity to do this together earlier on today

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Humpty Dumpty

8/11/2015

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Anyone who reads the religious press or even the ordinary press will have been aware of the recent Synod of Bishops that took place in Rome a few weeks ago. It was about the Family and there was much speculation about whether the Church's teaching would change over admitting divorced and remarried Catholics to communion. There was much debate and speculation over the differing opinions aired during the deliberations. What caught my notice, however, was a headline, 'After the Synod Can the Catholic Church put Humpty Dumpty Together Again'. John Allan, a commentator on Vatican affairs posed the question, wondering if the reports of disagreements among bishops and the polarisation of views on the issues "was a healthy or destructive experience for Catholicism". Does it leave the Church stronger or weaker, more energized or simply more fractured?

For centuries the Catholic Church has presented a strong, unified face to the world. Its clear doctrine has given the impression of a monolithic institution confident and clear about what it believes and how it should operate.  As a child I was taught the Church was one. This was reflected in its liturgy, which at that time was in latin and therefore the same all over the world. Unity meant uniformity. I couldn't imagine bishops disagreeing with oneanother or with the Pope. Now of course I realise that disagreements are part of life, that decisions about Church teaching were only arrived at after much debate, politicking even, and that the decision often favoured the voice of the powerful. There was always a minority opinion and voice that got lost in history. I wish the Catholic Church had something like the Talmud which sets out clearly a variety of opinions on a text. It wasn't always the case that the conservative  voice won of course and reading the history of the Second Vatican Council shows how new interpretations and fresh understandings can win through.

So why should disagreement at the Synod weaken the Church or leave it weaker? Does it not just show that the Church is human, subject to normal discourse;  that the way forward is through debate and exchange of opinions; that it's on a journey; that conclusions are not final but need constant discernment?  It seems healthy to me to be aware of these disagreements and not take answers or reports as the last word. 

All this reminded me again of the Gifford Lectures. The last one was called 'A Fractal Theory of Religous Diversity' This was based on a mathematical concept that in some instances a whole is reflected in its parts. For example a cauliflower's individual florets are a replica of the whole cauliflower. Prof. Shmidt-Leukel's theory was that internally individual religions reflect the diversity between religions. He related this to the various attempts to classify religions into, for example, prophetic, mystical, sapiental as Hans Kung has suggested.  While some religions may display one of these characteristics more than the others, they are in fact present within all religions.  All religions are diverse and that might even be their strength. It's because of this that people sometimes feel closer to someone in another religion or denomination than they do to someone in their own. It seems to me that this can also be the case with the variety of opinions to be found within religions - some people will be conservative, others more liberal, some fundamental, some radical. The secret is to acknowledge these, not expect or even want everyone to think the same but to be ready to enter into dialogue with them in a search for truth.

So I'm not so sure that Humpty Dumpty is even broken, never mind needing to be put together again. I suspect a touch of realism about what happened at the Synod will be good for the Catholic Church and help Catholics develop a more adult relationship with it. All this will surely strengthen the Church. 

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    I am  a Catholic nun, involved in interfaith relations for many decades.  For me this has been an exciting and sacred journey which I would like to share with others.

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