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The Story of the Universe

25/4/2022

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Recently I was invited to take the Sunday morning service at the Unitarian Church. It’s both a privilege and a challenge for there is no lectionary or pattern of readings to help with designing the service and the theme is left open for the leader to do what he or she wishes. What helped my focus and became the main reading during the service was an article by Thomas Berry, a Passionist priest who called himself a geologian, entitled ‘The Story of the Universe’.

For Thomas Berry it’s all a question of story. For him there are two basic stories – the religious story and the story of the universe. Most of us in the west have been brought up on the religious story – a transcendent creator God with human beings being the highpoint of creation; the first human beings disobeying God’s commands and being expelled from a beautiful and fruitful garden; this original sin affecting all human beings born into the world, leaving them in a state of alienation from God; Jesus, God’s Son offering a way of salvation  through baptism; the final destiny of life being heaven or hell. Thomas Berry believes that this story no longer works. It belongs to a three – fold universe with God in his heaven, the destiny of those who have lived a good life; with the earth stable and unchanging at the centre and the underworld for those who are not saved.

We now know that the universe isn’t like this. Cosmology teaches us about the flaring forth of energy that we call the Big Bang, about the evolution of the stars, the planets, including our own, about the evolution of life on earth of which we humans are a part. We humans are for the moment the high point of evolution, but evolution will go on beyond us. We are the expression of life, given form at this moment but constrained by the moment and the time in which we live both physically and intellectually.

  So, what do we do with the religious story? Many people, of course, just dismiss it and reject it.  Others cling to it and try to reconcile it with what we know of modern science, and often believers will debate with scientists or atheists, trying to prove that belief in a creator God is rational. These discussions are nearly always confrontational and polarised. But there is another approach which is growing within my own church – that of listening to/ reading the story of the universe and reflecting on what it means for our Christian faith. Over the years the Catholic church has dialogued with prevailing philosophies and current, knowledge as it has tried to articulate its teaching and make it relevant, something known as the development of doctrine. Now that dialogue is taking place with cosmology and ecology. There’s a recognition that we need to heed the story of the universe. We are part of an evolutionary process, on a journey – perhaps to die out like the Neanderthals to give life to some beings more evolved than we are, perhaps to learn how to live well together as a global community.

Where does this leave religion? I’ve come to believe that religion, all religions, have an intuition into the Reality of existence which they’ve expressed in beliefs or doctrines that have, over time, become ossified and divorced from their initial insights.  It’s the old image of the finger pointing at the moon – look at the finger and you miss the moon. So much of religious teaching obscures rather than reveals the Reality it has encountered.  Eastern religions do this better than western ones, even Christianity. But now instead of looking at religious teaching to help us understand the universe, we now look at the story of the universe to help us understand the insights of religion. For example, it’s a tradition to have ashes put on the forehead on Ash Wednesday accompanied by the words “remember you are dust and into dust you shall return”. This was taken as a sign of our need for repentance but it could also be a reminder that we are earthlings, worldlings who come from a common source – the dust of the earth – or as we now know the very dust of the stars. 

One of the challenges in considering the universe story is having to rethink our understanding of God and eternal life. Often God is depicted as what you might call a Sky God, somewhere in heaven, emerging from his isolation and silence to create the world and reveal something of himself. And at the end of life, if we have been good, God or maybe Jesus, will take us to live happily with him in heaven. In the Acts of Apostles Paul, in a conversation with Greek philosophers on the Areopagus, speaks of God as the One in whom we live and move and have our very being. In the letter of John, chapter 4, it says God is love and whoever lives in love, lives in God – perhaps better insights into Reality than a interventionist God. Even the Trinity which seems so incomprehensible when theologians try to explain it could be an insight that relationships are at the heart of life – a reality we know from the Universe story.

 Christianity is at an interesting stage. The story of the universe has the potential to transform it and make it more relevant to the modern age. It also has the potential to transform us and our relationships with nature and one another. We are at a critical point in our evolutionary journey and perhaps the very future of our race  and, of religion, depends on the story we tell ourselves – a story that must be relevant to the modern age and not belong to a medieval one.

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I's a Question of Story

14/4/2022

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 It’s all about story. It’s the story we tell ourselves that determines how we see and respond to the world in which we live. And it’s story that often divides us. We can see this in the present conflict in Ukraine. Putin has one story about Russia and its claims on Ukraine and Zelensky another. At the moment we are in the run up to local elections in Britain and each candidate has his or her own story, usually that they are better than other candidates or other parties. Sometimes there’s not much about the good each might do and could do together with cooperation between parties. Competition not cooperation is the order of the day. Many people think this is so with religions – each with its own competing truth claims. Others who are involved in interreligious dialogue see cooperation as the way forward, respecting the belief of others, while not assenting to them but refusing to let that difference divide us.
 
This week there will be plenty of storytelling in religions. For the first time in over 30 years several religions are celebrating significant festivals this week.  Christians are celebrating Easter, Jains are celebrating the birthday of one of their founders, Baha’is are remembering the day on which their founder Baha’u’llah declared his mission as a Manifestation of God, Sikhs are commemorating the birth of the Khalsa in the festival of Vaisakhi while Muslims are observing Ramadan.

For Christians religious services will focus on the last three days in the life of Jesus. On Holy Thursday the story is about the Last Supper Jesus shared with his disciples before going to his death. This Last Supper has become ritualised in eucharists/communion services celebrated in some denominations daily. On Holy Thursday there is an extra element – at least for Catholics. While the story of the Last Supper is read the priest will wash the foot of 12 parishioners in imitation of Jesus washing his disciples’ feet. Being conservative, the Church has in the past stipulated that the parishioners should be men, but Pope Francis has shown by example that not only can women have their feet washed but even people who are not Catholic. As has become his custom the Pope will say Mass in a prison outside of Rome and wash (and kiss) the feet of prisoners, displaying in action, the meaning of the story which is that service, compassion and love of others is at the heart of faith. For Christians this story should be the motivation for how they live and had this been the case throughout history a lot of conflict between religions and a lot of religious wars could have been avoided.  But for some people the washing of the feet was limited to followers of Jesus – leading to rejection of others and even denying them salvation. It depends then, not so much on the story but how you hear that story.

Good Friday focusses on the death of Jesus at the hands of the Roman authorities. Yes, he was brought to those authorities by some of the Jewish ruling group but not by ‘The Jews’. Unfortunately, many churches will read the account of Jesus passion from the Gospel of John, and it talks about ‘The Jews’ and if the person leading the service doesn’t explain that this does not refer to the whole Jewish people of which Jesus was a part, the listeners can come away with the wrong idea. This idea was so prevalent in the Middle Ages that Jews were unsafe during these three days as many Christians would attack them to avenge the death of Jesus, charging them with deicide. This reading of the story has been declared wrong by the Catholic Church in its document on its relationship with other faiths, Nostra Aetate as has any form of antisemitism. 

The story of Good Friday has been and can be read in different ways – focussing on how necessary it was for the salvation of the world. Another way of reading it is to see it as the first step in an integrated action that includes the Resurrection on Easter Sunday. In this way death and resurrection are taken together and reflect the reality of life. We live in a world where death in nature happens for new life to develop and evolve. Death and resurrection can be read as a spiritual practice – letting go of each moment, old ideas, to embrace the next and respond to what life calls us to.

While all this is happening in Christian churches the Jewish community will be celebrating Pesach/Passover with their families at home. It will take place at a family meal where the story of the People of Israel’s escape from the slavery of Egypt will be told and symbolically acted out through the readings and food that is eaten. Some Christians think this is the meal that Jesus celebrated with his disciples before his death, but it isn’t the same. The order of the service is one that developed in the first century of the common era and would not have been the one celebrated by Jews in Jesus’ time. Some Christians like to Christianise it and link it to Jesus Last Supper, but this is to deny it and Judaism its own integrity. As a story of redemption and salvation Jews will be remembering the injustices and conflicts, the crises from which humans need to be saved and praying that this might happen now as it did in the past to their ancestors. But to do this is also to commit to working to make this salvation a reality in so far as we can.

And the other festivals of new year and the story of religious founders that are being told at the same time as the festivals of Pesach and Easter, as well as  the intensive prayer and fasting of Ramadan, must surely give this week a powerful spiritual energy which I believe we can tap in to and harness in our own lives in our hopes and actions for a better world. 

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    I am  a Catholic nun, involved in interfaith relations for many decades.  For me this has been an exciting and sacred journey which I would like to share with others.

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